Thyroid diseases are a prevalent health concern affecting people worldwide. In India alone, approximately 4.2 crore individuals suffer from thyroid problems, as reported by the Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Women, in particular, are at a higher risk of developing thyroid disorders compared to men, as stated by Dr. Rakesh Kumar Prasad, a Consultant in Endocrinology at Fortis Hospital, Noida. He mentioned that approximately one in eight women will experience a thyroid condition at some point in their lives, and the risk for women is about 10 times higher than for men.
This article delves into the reasons why women are more susceptible to thyroid problems and explores the potential causes behind it.
Thyroid Problems in Women
Dr. Prasad explains that thyroid diseases are more common in menopausal and postmenopausal women due to the constant fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly between the female hormones estrogen and thyroxine. He attributes the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in women to the possible triggers of autoimmune responses. While the exact triggers remain unknown, they may be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Additionally, the interaction between thyroid hormones and the hormones that fluctuate during the menstrual cycle may also contribute to the higher incidence of thyroid issues in women.
Furthermore, thyroid problems can also arise in pregnant women due to Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects two to three out of every 100 pregnant women, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
Understanding the Causes
Dr. Prasad identifies several risk factors associated with thyroid problems in women, including a family history of thyroid diseases, certain medical conditions (such as pernicious anemia, Type 1 diabetes, primary adrenal insufficiency, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and Turner syndrome), medications high in iodine (e.g., amiodarone), and past treatments for thyroid conditions or cancer (e.g., thyroidectomy or radiation).
Symptoms to Watch Out For
Common symptoms of thyroid problems include tiredness, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, weight gain, puffy face, hoarse voice, coarse hair, and skin. One specific symptom common in the majority of females is a change in menstrual pattern. Identifying these symptoms early is crucial for timely initiation of treatment.
Diagnosing Thyroid Problems
Diagnosing thyroid disease involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A qualified medical professional will inquire about symptoms, family history, and any previous thyroid-related conditions or treatments. Physical examinations may include checking for signs of thyroid enlargement, palpation of the thyroid gland, and evaluation of associated symptoms like rapid heart rate or weight changes. Thyroid function tests measuring levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are commonly performed.
It’s essential to consult with a qualified medical professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, as the diagnostic approach may vary depending on individual symptoms and clinical judgment. Early detection and management can significantly improve the outcome for women facing thyroid problems, enabling them to lead healthy and fulfilling lives.
