In an ever-evolving global landscape, the dynamics of international relations are shaped by complex interactions and strategic maneuvers among nations. One such aspect that has garnered significant attention in recent times is China’s role in the geopolitical theater. As China aims to ascend to the status of the world’s preeminent superpower, it finds itself at the center of numerous controversies and disputes, both regionally and globally.
China’s Dubious Reputation: A Global Bully?
China has not escaped global scrutiny and criticism. It has been accused of various actions that have earned it a reputation as a global bully. These actions include undermining the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), allegations of conducting proxy warfare against India through Pakistan, asserting dominance over Afghanistan and Pakistan, alleged human rights abuses in Xinjiang, its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, opposition to India’s bid for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and even threats of sanctions against the United States, among others.
While this list of allegations against China is extensive, its ambition to ascend to the rank of the world’s number one superpower seems to have compelled some introspection within its leadership. Recent developments suggest that China is making efforts to mend diplomatic ties and establish cooperation with its neighboring countries.
China’s Overtures to Bhutan and the SCO: Pragmatism or Cosmetic Diplomacy?
China has recently engaged in negotiations with Bhutan to address longstanding border issues that have been a source of contention for both countries. Although the specific details of this agreement have not been made public, it likely covers a range of issues including natural resource management, tourism, strategic cooperation, and counterterrorism efforts.
For China, key interests in this negotiation likely revolve around access to valuable resources such as copper, beryllium, and other minerals, as well as tapping into Bhutan’s potential as a tourism destination. The discovery of substantial beryllium deposits in Xinjiang, a region also known for the Uyghur genocide, highlights China’s quest for resources crucial for its military and industrial capabilities.
China’s Economic and Strategic Interests: Beryllium and Beyond
Beryllium, although not strictly classified as a rare earth element, is indispensable in industries related to missile manufacturing, aviation, metallurgy, and satellite technology. Its worldwide stock is limited to a few thousand tonnes, making discoveries like the one in Xinjiang, estimated at over 4,000 tonnes, significant for China’s military and technological aspirations.
China’s pursuit of beryllium resources not only enhances its military capabilities but also strengthens its position in global markets, including consumer electronics and advanced weaponry.
China’s Outreach to Bhutan: A Strategic Move
China’s overtures to Bhutan may serve multiple purposes. By improving relations with Bhutan, China could potentially use it as leverage against India, its regional rival. Bhutan’s strategic location in South Asia makes it an essential player in regional dynamics.
Moreover, Bhutan’s considerable mineral resources, including beryllium and copper, are of interest to China. As Bhutan’s dependency on India for economic engagement diminishes, it may seek closer ties with China, raising concerns for India.
Bhutan’s Strategic Significance: Leveraging Friendship
Bhutan holds a special place in India’s foreign policy, characterized by longstanding friendship and cooperation. To protect its interests, India must engage constructively with Bhutan and address its concerns. This is particularly crucial given the recent thaw in China-Bhutan relations.
China’s Internal Contradictions and Debt Woes
China’s pursuit of global dominance is not without its share of internal contradictions and economic challenges. The country’s high debt levels, especially at the local government level, pose significant risks to its stability. The real estate market bubble is another concern that could impact various sectors of the Chinese economy.
These challenges may limit China’s ability to fulfill its ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and assert dominance over global markets, providing opportunities for other nations to counterbalance China’s influence.
SCO and Balancing Regional Power
China’s efforts to improve relations with Bhutan should not be seen in isolation. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), a regional grouping that includes China, offers a platform for China to strengthen its influence in the region. India’s recent chairmanship of an SCO summit indicates the organization’s potential to serve as a counterbalance to Western-dominated international structures.
Bhutan’s role within SCO and the broader regional landscape must be closely monitored, as China’s diplomatic overtures may have broader implications for South Asia.
Environmental Concerns and the BBIN Agreement
The BBIN (Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal) Motor Vehicles Agreement, which facilitates seamless passenger and cargo protocols, is an important sub-regional initiative. Bhutan’s cooperation within BBIN is essential for the success of this project. India must support Bhutan’s concerns regarding the exploitation of its natural resources by China and leverage environmental considerations at international platforms.
Terrorism and SCO’s Role
SCO’s role in addressing terrorism and extremism is significant. The diverse perspectives on terrorism within the organization, including concerns raised by China regarding Uyghur separatism, highlight the complexity of the issue. The presence of terrorist outfits in Pakistan and the alleged proxy warfare between India and Pakistan through these groups add layers of intricacy to the problem.
The future of counterterrorism efforts within SCO and the role of organizations like the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) should be closely monitored.
China’s evolving diplomatic engagements, particularly with Bhutan and within the SCO, have far-reaching implications for regional and global geopolitics. India must assert its position within SCO and support Bhutan’s interests, while also addressing environmental concerns.
The dynamics of global power are shifting, and while China seeks to establish itself as a dominant player, it must grapple with internal contradictions and mounting
