In an imminent celestial event, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) colossal satellite, ERS-2, is set to make an uncontrolled descent back to Earth later this month. Launched into orbit in 1995, the satellite has been inoperable since 2011, and its final journey will contribute to the ongoing challenges of space debris management.
ERS-2 was officially “passivated” in 2011, with the ESA taking precautions to drain its batteries and fuel, reducing the risk of creating additional space debris. The passivation process involved 66 engine burns, stranding the satellite in orbit to ensure its gradual descent back to Earth.
The European Space Agency strategically orchestrated the satellite’s reentry, aiming for a fast enough orbital decay to bring it back into Earth’s atmosphere within 15 years. As mid-February approaches, the satellite’s uncontrolled descent raises questions about the potential impact and the role of space debris in Earth’s orbit.
Although the ESA cannot control where the debris will land, the likelihood of it reaching populated areas is minimal. Observers may have the opportunity to witness the satellite’s blazing descent as it hurtles through the atmosphere. While the vast majority of Earth’s surface is covered by water, the exact fate of the satellite—whether it will burn up entirely or reach the surface—remains uncertain.
The event underscores the pressing need for comprehensive solutions to address the growing challenge of space debris. With an increasing number of satellites in orbit, stakeholders advocate for improved strategies to safely decommission and return defunct satellites to Earth, mitigating the risks associated with uncontrolled reentries.
As the ERS-2 satellite concludes its three-decade journey, space agencies and the global community must prioritize the development of sustainable practices and technologies to prevent space debris from becoming a hazard to both orbital operations and life on Earth.
