Understanding Menstrual Bleeding: What’s Considered Normal and When to Seek Help

Menstruation, a natural process experienced by individuals who menstruate, involves the shedding of the uterine lining that builds up in anticipation of a potential pregnancy. While the menstrual cycle is a regular occurrence for many, it’s important to have a clear understanding of what constitutes normal blood loss during this period. Dr. Sameena H, a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at KMC Hospital, Mangalore, sheds light on the nuances of menstrual bleeding and when to be concerned.

Normal Range of Blood Loss On average, a typical menstrual cycle results in a blood loss of around 30-40 ml, equivalent to about 2-3 tablespoons. It’s essential to recognize that this is just an average, and individuals may experience lighter or heavier periods based on their unique physiology. Dr. Sameena emphasizes, “While there is a range for normal blood loss, each person’s body is different. Some may have periods that are slightly lighter, while others may experience slightly heavier bleeding.”

Identifying Heavy Menstrual Bleeding In the case of heavy menstrual bleeding, also known as menorrhagia, the uterus may struggle to contract effectively. Uterine contractions play a crucial role in expelling the uterine lining and a small amount of blood. These contractions serve to both shed the lining and limit the duration of bleeding.

Dr. Sameena outlines certain signs that may indicate heavy menstrual bleeding:

1. Frequent Change of Menstrual Products: If you find yourself needing to change pads or tampons every hour or more frequently.
2. Passing Large Blood Clots: If you notice the passage of substantial blood clots larger than a quarter in size.
3. Extended Bleeding Duration: If your bleeding lasts longer than 7 days.
4. Double Protection: If you require both a tampon and a pad to manage the flow.
5. Symptoms of Anemia: Experiencing fatigue, weakness, or other indications of low iron levels.

Addressing the Causes of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding There are various potential causes of heavy menstrual bleeding. Dr. Sameena lists a few common culprits:

1. Hormonal Imbalance: Fluctuations in hormones like estrogen and progesterone can lead to heavier periods.
2. Uterine Fibroids: Noncancerous growths within the uterus that can result in significant bleeding and discomfort.
3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This hormonal disorder can cause irregular periods and heavy bleeding.
4. Adenomyosis: A condition where the uterine lining grows within the muscular walls, causing heavy and painful periods.
5. Medications: Certain medications like blood thinners or hormone-affecting drugs can contribute to heavy bleeding.

Managing Menstrual Bleeding For managing menstrual bleeding, using appropriate sanitary products such as pads, tampons, menstrual cups, or period underwear is recommended. The choice of product depends on individual comfort and preference. Timely changing of these products is essential for hygiene and to prevent infections.

If heavy menstrual bleeding is causing significant discomfort or disrupting daily life, there are treatment options available. Hormonal birth control methods, such as pills, patches, or IUDs, can help regulate and lighten periods. In cases where an underlying medical condition is responsible for heavy bleeding, other treatments or procedures might be recommended by a healthcare provider.

Dr. Sameena also offers practical tips for maintaining menstrual hygiene and well-being:

1. Change sanitary napkins every 4 hours.
2. Practice proper washing and avoid using water jets or soaps inside the vagina.
3. Discard sanitary napkins correctly.
4. Engage in regular exercise to improve energy levels and overall well-being.

In Conclusion Understanding the nuances of menstrual bleeding is an essential aspect of women’s health. If you observe symptoms of heavy menstrual bleeding, consulting a healthcare professional is advised. Open communication about menstrual health is vital for overall well-being, and seeking medical guidance ensures appropriate care and management.

Disclaimer: This information is provided by a registered healthcare professional and is intended for informational purposes only. For any health concerns, it’s recommended to consult with a medical professional.