Oesophageal Atresia (OA) is a serious congenital condition that presents significant risks to newborns. Dr. Jesal Sheth, Sr. Consultant – Paediatrics & Neonatal Intensivist at Fortis Hospital Mulund, sheds light on this condition and offers insights into prevention and management.
What is Oesophageal Atresia?
Oesophageal Atresia is a birth defect where part of a baby’s oesophagus, or food pipe, fails to develop properly. The term “Atresia” indicates a passage in the body that’s either missing or closed. In OA, the oesophagus is incomplete, making it difficult or impossible for the baby to eat. The lower part of the oesophagus, which should connect to the stomach, is closed. This condition poses life-threatening risks as the baby might choke on saliva, and without treatment, survival beyond a few hours is unlikely.
Incidence and Diagnosis Challenges
OA affects approximately 1 in 3,000-4,000 births. Unlike many birth defects detected during prenatal scans, OA can remain undetected until birth. Even advanced sonography may face limitations due to factors like surrounding amniotic fluid obscuring details of the oesophagus.
Symptoms of Esophageal Atresia
It’s crucial for parents to recognize potential signs of OA:
- Coughing
- Choking
- Excessive drooling
- Gagging when attempting to feed
- Recurrent respiratory infections
Importance of Prompt Medical Intervention
Immediate medical intervention upon OA diagnosis is crucial to prevent worsening. Stabilizing the baby’s breathing and ensuring safe nutrition are initial steps, often involving a feeding tube to deliver fluids directly to the stomach, bypassing the oesophagus.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is the definitive treatment for OA, aiming to repair the malformation by connecting the two ends of the oesophagus. The timing and type of surgery depend on the baby’s condition and the specific type of atresia.
Post-Surgery Care and Recovery
Recovery varies for each baby, requiring comprehensive care to ensure proper healing and monitor for complications. Regular follow-ups with the healthcare team are vital for tracking progress and addressing concerns promptly.
A Hopeful Outcome
Despite the worry accompanying a newborn’s OA diagnosis, timely intervention and comprehensive care offer hope. Successful surgeries like Ninad’s highlight the importance of early detection and skilled medical care. Vigilance in recognizing symptoms and seeking immediate medical attention can make a critical difference. With timely treatment, children with OA can overcome this challenging start and lead healthy lives.
