In its latest installment of the “Voices of Love” video series, Hindus for Human Rights (HfHR) sheds light on Janabai, a revered 13th-century Marathi bhakti poetess who, in a manner reminiscent of Mirabai, redefined the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. Janabai’s life and poetry offer a captivating exploration of the intersection of spirituality and social justice in medieval India, particularly within marginalized communities.
Janabai, born in the village of Gangakhed in Maharashtra, hailed from the Matang community, marginalized under the traditional caste system. Serving in the household of Damasheti, the father of renowned Bhakti saint Namdev, Janabai’s life was deeply entwined with the religious and spiritual milieu around her. Her poetry reflects a profound devotion to Lord Vitthal, a form of Lord Krishna venerated in the Warkari tradition, expressing both spiritual longing and a connection with the divine.
The uniqueness of Janabai’s poetry lies in its emphasis on social justice and equality, as she critiqued the caste system and societal norms that marginalized communities. Her works, characterized by simplicity and profundity, resonate with common people while conveying complex spiritual and social messages. Janabai’s relationship with Namdev is evident in her poetry, where she affectionately addresses him, showcasing their shared commitment to both Lord Vitthal and social reform.
Janabai’s portrayal of herself as a ‘dasi’ (servant) in Namdev’s household carries a dual meaning, signifying not only servitude but also a scholarly aspect often overlooked. Her innovative feminization of Lord Vitthal as ‘Vithabai’ underscores the reciprocal bond between devotee and deity, capturing the nuanced life of a socially marginalized woman in both secular and spiritual realms.
Janabai’s Legacy:
Janabai’s legacy endures through the oral tradition in Maharashtra, where her songs are sung during daily activities in temples and educational institutions. Her influence extends beyond her poetry, serving as a testament to the profound impact of a saint-poet who transcended societal norms to redefine devotion.
