A surge in cases of fever-induced fits or seizures among children under the age of 5 has been reported, causing concerns among parents. While such incidents can be alarming, it’s crucial for parents not to panic and instead keep a watchful eye on their child’s health. Recognizing that not all fevers lead to convulsions can help reduce unnecessary distress. Seeking immediate medical guidance following a fit or seizure ensures proper aftercare and expert support.
Fits or seizures can affect both adults and children. Febrile seizures are convulsions that occur in typically developing, healthy children who have not experienced neurological symptoms previously. These seizures are most common in toddlers and often run in families. They are typically triggered by fevers, often stemming from infections, and may last for around 5 minutes. Seizures can also be triggered by ear infections, colds, tonsillitis, and the flu. Symptoms include sudden muscle contractions on both sides of the body, crying or moaning, loss of balance, vomiting, tongue biting, loss of consciousness, rhythmic jerking motions, and urinary excretion. Dr. Jagdish Kathwate, Consultant Neonatologist & Pediatrician at Motherhood Hospital Kharadi Pune, reported 3 to 4 cases monthly, with a 4 to 5% incidence rate among kids.
It’s important to note that febrile seizures do not cause brain damage or intellectual disabilities and do not indicate the presence of a more severe underlying disorder. Parents should seek timely intervention when their children experience febrile seizures.
Dr. Irphan Palla, Consultant Pediatrician at Apollo Spectra Pune, explained that febrile seizures can manifest as up-rolling of eyes or generalized or focal tonic-clonic (shaking) movements of the body. Simple febrile seizures typically last for a few seconds to 15 minutes and do not repeat within a 24-hour timeframe. Complex febrile seizures last longer than 15 minutes, occur more than once a day, or affect only one side of the body. Children with complex febrile seizures have a higher risk of developing epilepsy in later childhood.
Dr. Palla also clarified that certain childhood vaccinations, such as the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine or the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, can trigger febrile seizures. However, it’s the fever induced by the vaccination, not the vaccine itself, that causes these seizures. Approximately 2 to 4 percent of the population is at risk for developing febrile seizures.
In the event of a febrile seizure, Dr. Jagdish advised parents not to move the child or try to halt the seizure movements. They should ensure the child is not left unattended and place them in a secure spot on the ground, removing any nearby furniture or sharp objects. If the floor is hard, gently slide a blanket underneath the child. Loosen any tight clothing, particularly around the neck area, and remove clothes from the waist up if possible. If the child vomits, turn them onto their side or stomach. Immediate contact with the treating doctor is essential, who will prescribe medication and provide instructions for its use.
