Amidst the global push towards electric vehicles, India’s two-wheeler market remains firmly rooted in internal combustion engines (ICE). However, recognizing the imperative for sustainable practices, the Indian government is rolling out significant regulatory changes aimed at ensuring the future viability of ICE-powered vehicles.
Introduction of OBD-2 Technology
Effective April 1, 2023, a pivotal change mandates that all two-wheelers sold in India must be equipped with Onboard Diagnostics-2 (OBD-2) systems. These sophisticated diagnostic tools, essential under the new BS6 Phase II emission norms, serve to monitor vehicle performance and emissions. OBD-2 systems, initially introduced for cars in the 1980s, now become indispensable for two-wheelers, boasting a standardized 16-pin connector for universal compatibility.
Enhancements with BS6 Phase II
The transition to BS6 Phase II norms entails not only hardware adjustments like the new connector but also substantial software upgrades. These enhancements empower the Engine Control Unit (ECU) to efficiently manage and mitigate emission levels even amidst sensor faults. For instance, the system can adeptly handle temporary malfunctions such as misfires or lambda sensor failures without causing significant emissions spikes, thereby ensuring compliance throughout the vehicle’s operational lifespan.
The Role of E20 Fuel
Concurrently, the proliferation of E20 fuel (a blend comprising 20% ethanol) promises to reshape fuel norms across India. With a slated nationwide rollout by 2025, E20 fuel presents both opportunities and challenges. Modern BS6 vehicles boast adaptive fuel-injection systems capable of adjusting air-fuel mixtures to accommodate up to E27.5 ethanol content, ensuring optimal combustion and emissions control. However, the corrosive nature of ethanol necessitates durable materials in fuel system components, potentially leading to increased costs.
Implications for Older Vehicles
Older models, particularly those adhering to BS4 and earlier norms, face notable risks associated with higher ethanol blends. These vehicles lack the capacity to adapt to the altered fuel properties of E20, resulting in leaner mixtures and elevated combustion temperatures. Over time, this could compromise engine performance and emissions quality, particularly for models equipped with carburetors.
As India’s two-wheeler sector gears up for these regulatory shifts, riders and manufacturers alike must remain vigilant and proactive to navigate the evolving landscape of emissions standards and fuel norms.
